I have two variables which contain multi-line information and I want to column them.
varA returns
Aug 01 Aug 04 Aug 16 Aug 26 and varB returns
04:25 07:28 03:39 10:06 if i print both variables, it returns
Aug01 Aug04 Aug16 Aug26 04:25 07:28 03:39 10:06 What I want to do is the following:
Aug01 04:25 Aug04 07:28 Aug16 03:39 Aug26 10:06 I'm new to using Linux and I would appreciate some advice.
14 Answers
Meet paste, part of the preinstalled GNU core utilities:
$ paste <(printf %s "$varA") <(printf %s "$varB") Aug 01 04:25 Aug 04 07:28 Aug 16 03:39 Aug 26 10:06 paste takes files and not variables as input, so I used bash Process Substitution and just printed the variable content with printf. The default delimiter between columns is TAB, you can change that with the -d option, e.g. paste -d" " for a single space character. To learn more about paste have a look at the online manual or run info '(coreutils) paste invocation'.
If you just want to simply display the text variables side by side, @dessert has the most simple (best?) solution using print. However if you want to be able to manipulate each piece individually, you could easily convert the vars to arrays instead, and loop through that.
#!/bin/bash # declare the multi-line variables var1="1 2 3 4" var2="a b c d" # backup internal field separator to be safe IFSave=$IFS # set IFS to newline so vars will use newline to split into array IFS=$'\n' # split variables into array foo=($var1) bar=($var2) #restore IFS to original value to be safe IFS=$IFSave # loop array foo, and cross reference key in array bar for i in "${!foo[@]}"; do printf "${foo[$i]} : ${bar[$i]}\n" done # you can allso now print single corresponding lines: line=3 let id=$line-1 # arrays start at 0, so need to remove one printf "\nPrinting line number $line\n" printf "${foo[$id]} : ${bar[$id]}\n" You can do this with the POSIX tool pr:
varA='Aug 01 Aug 04 Aug 16 Aug 26' varB='04:25 07:28 03:39 10:06' pr -2 -t <<eof $varA $varB eof Result:
Aug 01 04:25 Aug 04 07:28 Aug 16 03:39 Aug 26 10:06 Or for single tab:
pr -2 -t -s Or for single space:
pr -2 -t -s' ' Or with column from the util-linux package:
column -c 20 <<eof $varA $varB eof If you wanted to avoid external utilities and do it natively in the shell, you could use read with separate file descriptors / here strings for each variable:
while IFS= read -r -u3 a && read -r -u4 b; do printf '%s\t%s\n' "$a" "$b" done 3<<<"$varA" 4<<<"$varB" Aug 01 04:25 Aug 04 07:28 Aug 16 03:39 Aug 26 10:06 Although it's often considered bad practice to use the shell for text processing, it might be excused in the case that you already have the data in shell variables.
